Common Perceptions of 'Beauty' and 'Ugliness'

Most people believe that beauty is usually seen as a symbol of harmony, grace and pleasure, while ugliness is its opposite, usually associated with filth, deformity and uncomfortable negativity.

Philosophy's New Understanding of Beauty and Ugliness

However, the philosopher Hegel argued that beauty and ugliness are not absolute opposites, but can be transformed into each other. He argued that beauty is the unity of reason and nature, while ugliness may be a natural reaction that has not yet been digested by reason. This view challenges the traditional concept of aesthetics and offers new possibilities for artistic exploration: ugliness itself can be part of the aesthetic experience, and the dynamic relationship between beauty and ugliness reveals the complexity of life and human nature.

Pina Bausch's Unique Insights

On the basis of this theory, Pina Bausch integrates philosophical reflections into her choreography, reinterpreting the relationship between beauty and ugliness through dance theatre. She does not stop at the idea that "beauty and ugliness can be transformed", but visualises this idea through dance, in which beauty and ugliness are not fixed labels, but a dynamic expression. In her works, beauty and ugliness are not fixed labels but a dynamic expression. Her work reveals that beauty and ugliness can co-exist and even depend on each other. She breaks the single definition of "beauty" in traditional dance and shows the complex relationship between human nature and emotions.

A Specific Analysis of  Beauty and Ugliness in Dance Theatre Works

《Rite of Spring》

Background and Themes: The Rite of Spring is Pina Bausch's new presentation of Stravinsky's original work. The work focuses on rituals and tells the story of a young woman who will be chosen as a victim to be sacrificed in a ceremony to celebrate the arrival of spring.

The beauty of the performance:

The group dance shows the natural movement of neatness and unity. The dancers are all running, jumping and other dynamic movements to visualise the primitive life force. The choreography emphasised the coordination of the body and the beauty of the harmony between music and movement, especially the visual effect of the group dance section. The stage is covered with a layer of fresh soil, symbolising the earth and the source of life, showing the beauty of nature.

Ugly performance:

The muddy stage symbolised a sense of chaos and violence, and the bodies of the dancers appeared coarse as they rolled and struggled in the mud, undermining the traditional aesthetic of elegance and cleanliness. The dancers chosen as victims move stiffly, hideously and painfully, and their emotions are filled with a sense of fear and oppression. The whole picture is filled with images of violence and destruction. The mechanical nature of the repetitive movements in the collective dance gives a strong sense of oppression and trepidation.

The opposition and fusion of beauty and ugliness:

Pina Bausch shows the coexistence of beauty and ugliness through the contrast between the group and the individual. The group dance shows the beauty of life, while the pain and struggle of the sacrificial individual symbolises the ugliness of violence. The clay symbolises nature and life, both beautiful and brutal, in which the sacrificed individual struggles, yet ultimately completes the offering with a sense of ritual, creating a complex fusion: beauty in the midst of ugliness, and ugliness in the midst of beauty.

 

Café Muller》

Background and Theme: This work is in a cafe full of chairs, around the torment of love and the pain of separation, sadness and despair and other themes, the deep darkness of human nature, the relationship between the two sexes is shown to the fullest extent, is one of Pina Bausch's most representative works.

 

The beauty of the performance:

Dressed in simple and plain white halter dresses, the dancers' slow and elegant movements show the delicacy in human emotions. For example, the soft body language and smooth movements of the female dancers show the fragility and tenderness of love. The stage lighting is soft and dim, creating a sad but beautiful atmosphere that further enhances the depth of emotion. The scene of the two dancers snuggling up to each other shows the desire and warmth of love, giving the work a certain human beauty.

Ugly performance:

The dancers take the initiative to repeat certain movements, symbolising the repression and detachment of emotions in human relationships. The chairs on the stage are constantly knocked over and moved, creating a visual effect of chaos and unease. The dancer's out-of-control body movements, such as falling and struggling, are full of instability, expressing deep inner pain and loneliness.

The opposition and fusion of beauty and ugliness: the contrast between the slow and elegant movements and the chaotic and mechanical scenes shows the complexity of human emotions, while the beauty of love and the depression of loneliness exist together. In this work, beauty and ugliness are no longer opposites, but interdependent. The expression of love is made more profound by pain, and the expression of loneliness is made more powerful by beauty. The prop of the chair is a symbol of both life and bondage, a tangle of beauty and ugliness.

Conclusion

Pina Bausch's dance theatre redefines the relationship between beauty and ugliness. Her works break through the dichotomy of beauty and ugliness in traditional aesthetics, transforming them into an interdependent and intertwined relationship. Both The Rite of Spring and Café Muller demonstrate the multi-faceted nature of the co-existence of beauty and ugliness through sharp visual oppositions and emotional tensions. Revealing conflict in opposition and expressing humanity in fusion, Pina's dance is not only an aesthetic innovation, but also a philosophical exploration. Through the opposition and fusion of beauty and ugliness, she gives new depth to the art of dance, enabling the audience to reflect on the complexity and reality of life from a shocking emotional experience. This kind of dance aesthetics beyond tradition not only expands the expressive power of art, but also makes people rethink the meaning of "beauty" and "ugliness".

References 

Servos, N. and Weigelt, G. (2008) Pina Bausch : dance theatre. . Translated by S. Morris. Munich: K. Kieser

Climenhaga, R. (2009) Pina Bausch. London: Routledge

Hegel, G.W.F. and Knox, T.M. (1998) Aesthetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Incorporated. Available at: https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=5891731 (Accessed: January 9, 2025).


Klein, G. (2020) Pina Bausch’s dance theater : company, artistic practices and reception, Books at JSTOR: Open Access. [Bielefeld, Germany]: Transcript-Verlag. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839450550.

Climenhaga, R. (2012) The Pina Bausch sourcebook : the making of Tanztheater. New York: Routledge. Available at: http://site.ebrary.com/id/10596273 (Accessed: January 9, 2025).

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